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Compare Macau (2001) - Saint Martin (2008)
Compare Macau (2001) z Saint Martin (2008)
| Macau (2001) | Saint Martin (2008) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none (special administrative region of China) | - |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
22.68% (male 53,291; female 49,615) 15-64 years: 70.08% (male 150,538; female 167,431) 65 years and over: 7.24% (male 13,287; female 19,571) (2001 est.) |
- |
| Agriculture - products | rice, vegetables | - |
| Airports | 1 (2000 est.) | 1 |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
total: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 |
| Area | total:
21 sq km land: 21 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 54.4 sq km
land: 54.4 sq km water: NEGL |
| Area - comparative | about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC | more than one-third the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs. | Although sighted by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1493 and claimed for Spain, it was the Dutch who occupied the island in 1631 and set about exploiting its salt deposits. The Spanish retook the island in 1633, but continued to be harassed by the Dutch. The Spanish finally relinquished St. Martin to the French and Dutch, who divided it amongst themselves in 1648. The cultivation of sugar cane introduced slavery to the island in the late 18th century; the practice was not abolished until 1848. The island became a free port in 1939; the tourism industry was dramatically expanded during the 1970s and 1980s. In 2003, the populace of St. Martin voted to secede from Guadeloupe and in 2007, the northern portion of the island became a French overseas collectivity. |
| Birth rate | 12.36 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) | - |
| Budget | revenues:
$1.26 billion expenditures: $1.22 billion, including capital expenditures of $175 million (1999 est.) |
- |
| Capital | - | name: Marigot
geographical coordinates: 18 04 N, 63 05 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight savings: +1 hour |
| Climate | subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers | temperature averages 80-85 degrees all year long; low humidity, gentle trade winds, brief, intense rain showers; July-Novemeber is the hurricane season |
| Coastline | 40 km | 58.9 km (for entire island) |
| Constitution | Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution" | 4 October 1958 (French Constitution) |
| Country name | conventional long form:
Macau Special Administrative Region conventional short form: Macau local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese) |
conventional long form: Overseas Collectivity of Saint Martin
conventional short form: Saint Martin local long form: Collectivity d'outre mer de Saint-Martin local short form: Saint-Martin |
| Currency | pataca (MOP) | - |
| Death rate | 3.71 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) | - |
| Debt - external | $1.7 billion (1997) | - |
| Dependency status | special administrative region of China | overseas collectivity of France |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | the US has no offices in Macau, and US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong | none (overseas collectivity of France) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (special administrative region of China) | none (overseas collectivity of France) |
| Disputes - international | none | - |
| Economic aid - recipient | $NA | - |
| Economy - overview | The economy is based largely on tourism (including gambling) and textile and fireworks manufacturing. Efforts to diversify have spawned other small industries - toys, artificial flowers, and electronics. The tourist sector has accounted for roughly 25% of GDP, and the clothing industry has provided about three-fourths of export earnings; the gambling industry probably represents over 40% of GDP. More than 8 million tourists visited Macau in 2000. Macau depends on China for most of its food, fresh water, and energy imports. Japan and Hong Kong are the main suppliers of raw materials and capital goods. Output dropped 5% in 1998 and 3% in 1999, with a small 2% gain in 2000. Macau reverted to Chinese administration on 20 December 1999. Gang violence, a dark spot in the economy, probably will be reduced in 2000-01 to the advantage of the tourism sector. | The economy of Saint Martin centers around tourism with 85% of the labor force engaged in this sector. Over one million visitors come to the island each year with most arriving through the Princess Juliana International Airport in Sint Maarten. No significant agriculture and limited local fishing means that almost all food must be imported. Energy resources and manufactured goods are also imported, primarily from Mexico and the United States. Saint Martin is reported to have the highest per capita income in the Caribbean. |
| Electricity - consumption | 1.422 billion kWh (1999) | - |
| Electricity - exports | 3 million kWh (1999) | - |
| Electricity - imports | 165 million kWh (1999) | - |
| Electricity - production | 1.355 billion kWh (1999) | - |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
- |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
South China Sea 0 m highest point: Coloane Alto 174 m |
lowest point: Caribbean Ocean 0 m
highest point: Pic du Paradis 424 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | fresh water supply is dependent on desalinization of sea water |
| Ethnic groups | Chinese 95%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry), Portuguese, other | creole (mulatto), black, Guadeloupe Mestizo (French-East Asia), white, East Indian |
| Exchange rates | patacas per US dollar - 8.033 (January 2001), 8.025 (2000), 7.990 (1999), 7.978 (1998), 7.974 (1997), 7.966 (1996); note - linked to the Hong Kong dollar at the rate of 1.03 patacas per Hong Kong dollar | euros per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003) |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
President of China JIANG Zemin (since 27 March 1993) head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999) cabinet: Executive Council consists of all five government secretaries, three legislators, and two businessmen elections: NA |
chief of state: President Nicolas SARKOZY (since 16 May 2007), represented by Prefect Dominique LACROIX (since 21 March 2007)
head of government: President of the Territorial Council Louis-Constant FLEMING (since 16 July 2007) cabinet: Executive Council; note - there is also an advisory economic, social, and cultural council election: French president elected by popular vote to a five-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the Territorial Council is elected by the members of the Council for a five-year term election results: Louis-Constant FLEMING unanimously elected president by the Territorial Council on 16 July 2007 |
| Exports | $2.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) | - |
| Exports - commodities | textiles, clothing, toys, electronics, cement, footwear, machinery | - |
| Exports - partners | US 47%, EU 30%, China 9.2%, Hong Kong 6.7% (1999) | - |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | - |
| Flag description | light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller | the flag of France is used |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $7.82 billion (2000 est.) | - |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
1% industry: 25% services: 74% (2000 est.) |
agriculture: 1%
industry: 15% services: 84% (2000) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $17,500 (2000 est.) | - |
| GDP - real growth rate | 2% (2000 est.) | - |
| Geographic coordinates | 22 10 N, 113 33 E | 18 05 N, 63 57 W |
| Geography - note | essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland | the island of Saint Martin is the smallest landmass in the World shared by two independent states, the French territory of Saint Martin and the Dutch territory of Sint Maarten |
| Highways | total:
50 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 0 km (2001) |
- |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
- |
| Imports | $2.4 billion (c.i.f., 2000 est.) | - |
| Imports - commodities | raw materials, foodstuffs, capital goods, fuels, consumer goods | crude petroleum, food, manufactured items |
| Imports - partners | China 36%, Hong Kong 18%, EU 13%, Taiwan 10%, Japan 7% (1999) | US, Mexico (2006) |
| Independence | none (special administrative region of China) | none (overseas collectivity of France) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | - |
| Industries | clothing, textiles, toys, electronics, footwear, tourism, gambling | tourism, light industry and manufacturing, heavy industry |
| Infant mortality rate | 4.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) | - |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | -1.8% (2000 est.) | - |
| International organization participation | CCC, ESCAP (associate), IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), UNESCO (associate), WMO, WToO (associate), WTrO | UPU |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 1 (2000) | - |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | - |
| Judicial branch | The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative Region | - |
| Labor force | 283,450 (1999) | - |
| Labor force - by occupation | restaurants and hotels 26%, manufacturing 22%, other services 52% (2000 est.) | 85% directly or indirectly employed in tourist industry |
| Land boundaries | total:
0.34 km border countries: China 0.34 km |
total: 15 km
border countries: Netherlands Antilles (Sint Maarten) 15 km |
| Land use | arable land:
0% permanent crops: 2% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 98% (1998 est.) |
- |
| Languages | Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese) | French (official language), English, Dutch, French Patois, Spanish, Papiamento (dialect of Netherlands Antilles) |
| Legal system | based on Portuguese civil law system | the laws of France, where applicable, apply |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (23 seats; 8 elected by popular vote, 8 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 22 September 1996 (next to be held by 15 October 2001) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - APPEM 2, UNIPRO 2, CODEM 1, UDM 1, UPD 1, ANMD 1 |
unicameral Territorial Council (23 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 1 and 8 July 2007 (next to be held July 2012) election results: percent of seats by party - UPP 49%, RRR 42.2%, Reussir Saint-Martin 8.9%; seats by party - UPP 16, RRR 6, Reussir Saint-Martin 1 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
81.69 years male: 78.88 years female: 84.64 years (2001 est.) |
- |
| Literacy | definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 90% male: 93% female: 86% (1981 est.) |
- |
| Location | Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China | island 300 km southeast of Puerto Rico |
| Map references | Southeast Asia | Central America and the Caribbean |
| Maritime claims | not specified | - |
| Merchant marine | none (2000 est.) | - |
| Military - note | responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999 | defense is the responsibility of France |
| Military branches | Macau garrison of China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) includes about 500 troops | - |
| Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49:
125,737 (2001 est.) |
- |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49:
69,191 (2001 est.) |
- |
| National holiday | National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day | Bastille Day, 14 July (1789); note - local holiday is Schoalcher Day (Slavery Abolition Day) 12 July (1848) |
| Nationality | noun:
Chinese adjective: Chinese |
- |
| Natural hazards | typhoons | - |
| Natural resources | NEGL | salt |
| Net migration rate | 9.25 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) | - |
| Political parties and leaders | the following is a listing of those associations that participated in the last legislative elections: Associacao de Novo Macau Democratico or ANMD [leader NA]; Associacao Promotora para a Economia de Macau or APPEM [leader NA]; Convergencia para o Desenvolvimento or CODEM [leader NA]; Uniao Geral para o Desenvolvimento de Macau or UDM [leader NA]; Uniao para o Desenvolvimento or UPD [leader NA]; Uniao Promotora para o Progresso or UNIPRO [leader NA]
note: there are no formal political parties, but civic associations are used instead |
Union Pour le Progres or UPP [Louis Constant FLEMING]; Rassemblement Responsabilite Reussite or RRR [Alain RICHARDSON]; Reussir Saint-Martin [Jean-Luc HAMLET] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | Catholic Church [Domingos LAM, bishop]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO, managing director]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong, leader] | - |
| Population | 453,733 (July 2001 est.) | 33,102 (October 2004 census) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | - |
| Population growth rate | 1.79% (2001 est.) | - |
| Ports and harbors | Macau | - |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998) | FM 3 (2007) |
| Radios | 160,000 (1997) | - |
| Railways | 0 km | - |
| Religions | Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.) | Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witness, Protestant, Hindu |
| Sex ratio | at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
- |
| Suffrage | direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies | 18 years of age, universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services domestic: NA international: HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) |
general assessment: fully integrated access
domestic: direct dial capability with both fixed and wireless systems international: country code - 590; undersea fiber-optic cable provides voice and data connectivity to Puerto Rico and Gudaloupe |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 176,837 (2000) | - |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 120,957 (2000) | - |
| Television broadcast stations | 0 (receives Hong Kong broadcasts) (1997) | - |
| Terrain | generally flat | - |
| Total fertility rate | 1.31 children born/woman (2001 est.) | - |
| Transportation - note | - | nearest airport for international flights is Princess Juliana International Airport (SXM) located in Sint Maarten |
| Unemployment rate | 6.6% (2000) | - |
| Waterways | none | - |
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